A thorough explanation of the basics of e-learning, how it works and how to use it! [2020-2021]
A Comprehensive Guide to the Basics, Mechanics, and How to Use e-Learning! [2020–2021] I’m Takadaoka from the Marketing Department. In this article, I’ll explain the basics and mechanics of e-learning in an easy-to-understand way. Starting with the basics—such as “What exactly is e-learning?”—I’ll also delve into topics closely related to its history and evolution! This article is intended for anyone thinking, “I want to learn about e-learning or give it a try!” When you hear the term “e-learning”... you might feel anxious, thinking, “It sounds kind of difficult, the setup seems complicated—can I really do this myself?” Let’s use this article as a guide to learn the basics and mechanisms of e-learning together! Table of Contents 1. What Is E-Learning? 2. The History of E-Learning 3. The Learning Management System (LMS) That Supports E-Learning (LMS) 4. Summary What Is e-Learning? e-Learning is a learning system that allows you to “improve your skills at your own pace, without being tied to a specific time or place,” by using electronic devices such as computers and smartphones along with the internet. What Is e-Learning? ⇒ An abbreviation for “electronic learning,” it refers to “a form of learning conducted using various devices such as computers, smartphones, and tablets,” and describes an educational method that digitizes the learning process. *While e-learning is now strongly associated with online learning, it originally referred to “offline learning,” which typically involved combining content stored on media such as CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs. The Beginnings of e-Learning: The origins of e-learning date back to the 1950s, when development began primarily in the United States based on the idea of “Can computers support education?”—a concept known as CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction). Although the development of computer-based learning systems had been underway since the 1950s, awareness of them was still low at the time, and they were not widely known to the general public. E-learning, which is now taken for granted, was referred to at the time as computer-assisted instruction (CAI) or web-based training (WBT). CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction or Computer-Aided Instruction) CAI is composed of three elements: educational science (educational technology), learning theory (learning psychology), and information science (information theory). It forms the conceptual foundation of modern e-learning and was utilized with the goal of “incorporating computers into school education and training.” ⇒ (Later evolved into WBT) *Research on CAI in Japan began in the 1960s, and pioneering systems were put into practical use in the 1970s. However, because these systems were heavily tailored to specific client specifications and lacked flexibility, they did not become widely adopted by general educational institutions. WBT (Web-Based Training) WBT refers to a system that enables learning by delivering instructional materials via computers connected to the Internet. WBT has evolved to allow not only learning histories but also instructional materials and programs to be centrally managed on a server. ▼Features of WBT Individual learners can access learning materials and take tests via the Internet. It is not bound by geographical or time constraints. It is configured in combination with an LMS (Learning Management System) that manages learning materials and learner records. Along with the development of WBT and similar technologies, the term “e-learning” emerged in the 1990s. Initially, e-learning was limited to learning on computers at companies, schools, or home. However, as IT infrastructure advanced and smartphones and tablets rapidly became widespread, mobile learning—which is not restricted by location or time—became possible. The History of e-Learning The term “e-learning” was first used at “TechLearn 1999,” held in Florida, USA, in November 1999. Concepts that had previously been referred to by various names—such as CAI, WBT, online learning, and distance education—were consolidated under the term “e-learning” for the first time. The History of e-Learning: Global Trends ① 1950s – Beginnings in the U.S.: Development began primarily in the United States, driven by the idea of “Can computers support education?” ② 1950s – The Arrival and Release of Windows 95: As personal computers developed and became widespread, learning methods primarily using CD-ROMs as teaching materials gained traction. In 1995, Windows 95—which became a massive hit—was released, leading to the widespread adoption of personal computers in households. ③ 2000s – Full-Scale Adoption in Japan: In 2000, the Mori Cabinet at the time launched the “e-Japan Initiative,” aiming to realize a Japanese-style IT society. ④ 2000s – Smartphones and tablets. From the late 2000s onward, the emergence of smartphones—represented by the iPhone and Android—and larger tablet devices brought about even more significant changes in e-learning. ⑤ The 2020s – Rapid Market Growth Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: As the novel coronavirus spread, remote learning in schools and remote work in companies advanced rapidly. The year 2000 marked a major turning point in Japan. The Mori Cabinet at the time launched the “e-Japan Initiative,” aimed at realizing a Japanese-style IT society, and in 2001, the nonprofit organization “Japan e-Learning Consortium” was established, marking the full-scale launch of initiatives to promote the spread of e-learning. The catalyst for the spread of e-learning was the release of Windows 95 in 1995. The arrival of Windows 95 changed the history of e-learning and served as a catalyst for the widespread adoption of computer-based learning and training. With the advent of e-learning, our learning shifted from analog to digital. Thanks to the emergence and evolution of e-learning, learners can now improve their skills 24 hours a day, whenever they choose, without worrying about being watched by others. Before digital devices became widely available, it was commonplace for our learning and training to take the form of so-called group classes and group training sessions. Many learners would gather in one location, and everything—from distributing and grading tests to monitoring learning progress—incurred significant costs. Today, e-learning that allows people to “study easily, anywhere” using mobile devices such as smartphones has become the mainstream. The Current State of e-Learning and Future Challenges: The widespread adoption of the internet, computers, and smartphones has made two-way interaction between instructors and learners a reality. However, the focus now is on learning formats that enable learners to communicate smoothly with one another, thereby enhancing the quality of learning. Communication among learners is expected to be highly effective in boosting and sustaining motivation to learn. The Future of e-Learning: The use of AI is expected to play a significant role moving forward. By having AI analyze large volumes of learning data, it is expected to automatically select learning content and materials tailored to each individual, thereby further improving learning efficiency. Furthermore, the use of VR is advancing, and we are approaching an era where e-learning can accommodate hands-on training—something that was previously impossible with traditional e-learning. According to Technav, a UK-based technology research firm, the VR education sector is projected to grow to $1.7 billion by 2021—nine times its current size—making the combination of VR and education a field with significant business potential. Learning Management Systems (LMS) Supporting E-Learning Learning Management System (LMS) LMS stands for Learning Management System. An LMS is a system that integrates and centrally manages the creation and delivery of learning materials, as well as performance data, necessary for implementing e-learning. Broadly speaking, an LMS consists of “e-learning functions” and “management functions.” By implementing an LMS, administrators can centrally manage learners’ “progress” and “learning outcomes.” Background of LMS Development: Before communication infrastructure and internal corporate networks were established, the Internet was not yet widespread, and learning materials were distributed using storage media such as CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs. By the 2000s, ADSL and fiber-optic lines had become common even in households, and within companies, all computers began to be connected to the network. As computers became connected to the Internet, LMS (Learning Management Systems) emerged as software specifically designed to deliver e-learning over the Internet. The proliferation of the Internet and the resulting creation of online e-learning environments expanded opportunities for companies to adopt e-learning. When LMSs first appeared, they were primarily used by large corporations. These companies leveraged their financial and technical resources to develop proprietary LMS platforms and create learning materials specifically for those systems, making them accessible only to a select few companies and organizations. *ADSL: An Internet service that uses analog telephone lines to transmit data via an ADSL modem. Main Functions of an LMS The Japan e-Learning Consortium, a specific nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the widespread adoption and standardization of e-learning, describes the main functions of an LMS as follows: Registration, modification, and deletion of learners; registration of learning materials and assignment of materials to learners; management of individual learners’ learning histories, progress, and grades; grade aggregation and statistical analysis functions; setup of bulletin boards for information sharing and sending emails to learners. Source: Japan e-Learning Consortium The Four Major Functions of an LMS An LMS has four major functions: “managing learning materials,” “delivering learning materials,” “managing accounts,” and “managing grades.” LMS Function 1: Managing Learning Materials Depending on the LMS, some systems only allow the use of learning materials pre-registered by the administrator. Systems that allow users to register their own content or create content within the system are sometimes referred to as “LCMS” within the LMS category. LMS Function 2: Delivering Learning Materials All e-learning materials are stored within the LMS, and the materials stored there are delivered to learners’ devices via the Internet. These are the “functionalities” that allow users to play videos, study content, take exams, and so on. While these features are standard in any LMS, the types of learning materials each LMS can handle vary. LMS Feature 3: Account Management ・Allowing users to register themselves ・Administrators registering users one by one ・Administrators registering users via CSV ・ Registering via integration with external systems LMS Feature 4: Managing Grades All learners’ progress is recorded in the LMS. This allows for centralized management of learning progress even in large corporations with many learners, enabling the management and analysis of learners across various segments. Standardization via SCORM: With LMSs provided by various companies, the use of disparate standards would compromise user convenience and usability. Consequently, the LMS industry proposed establishing a standard known as SCORM (Standard for Course Object Reference Model). SCORM is a standard for e-learning platforms and content. It was established by the ADL (Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative), a standardization organization affiliated with the U.S. Department of Defense. Today, the SCORM standard has become the industry norm, ensuring that learning materials remain compatible even when using LMSs from different providers. ▼Click here for a detailed explanation of SCORM. Summary: In this article, we introduced “The History of e-Learning, the Evolution of e-Learning, and the Learning Management Systems That Support e-Learning.” In our next article, based on the topics covered here, we will discuss how to use e-learning and the benefits of implementation, focusing on practical applications tailored to your specific needs. Thank you for reading this article.